We currently have no information for BITTER ORANGE overview .

Do not take this combination

Bitter orange contains chemicals that stimulate the body. Some medications used for depression can increase these chemicals. Taking bitter orange with these medications might cause serious side effects including very fast heartbeat and very high blood pressure. Some common MAOIs include phenelzine (Nardil), selegiline (Zelapar), and tranylcypromine (Parnate).

Bitter orange can decrease how quickly the body breaks down midazolam. Taking bitter orange along with midazolam might increase the effects and side effects of midazolam.

Be cautious with this combination

Bitter orange is a stimulant. Caffeine is also a stimulant. Taking these products together can increase blood pressure and cause the heart to beat rapidly. This can cause serious adverse effects such as heart attack and stroke.

Bitter orange might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down dextromethorphan. Taking bitter orange along with dextromethorphan might increase the effects and side effects of dextromethorphan such as nervousness, drowsiness, and others.

The liver breaks down felodipine to get rid of it. Bitter orange might decrease how quickly the liver gets rid of felodipine. Taking bitter orange along with felodipine might increase the effects and side effects of felodipine.

The liver breaks down indinavir to get rid of it. Bitter orange might decrease how quickly the liver breaks down indinavir. Taking bitter orange along with indinavir might increase the effects and side effects of indinavir.

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Bitter orange might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

Bitter orange might affect electrical currents in the heart. This can increase the risk of having an irregular heartbeat. Some medications can have this same effect. Taking bitter orange with these medications might increase the risk for a serious heart issue.

Stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine, speed up the nervous system. By speeding up the nervous system, stimulant medications can increase blood pressure and speed up the heartbeat. Bitter orange might also speed up the nervous system. Taking bitter orange along with stimulant drugs might cause serious problems including increased heart rate and high blood pressure.

Bitter orange might lower blood sugar levels. Taking bitter orange along with diabetes medications might cause blood sugar to drop too low. Monitor your blood sugar closely.

Bitter orange might affect levels of colchicine. Using colchicine with bitter orange may reduce the benefits or increase the side effects of colchicine.

The body breaks down sildenafil to get rid of it. Bitter orange can decrease how quickly the body breaks down sildenafil. Taking bitter orange along with sildenafil might increase the effects and side effects of sildenafil.

Be watchful with this combination

Some medications are changed and broken down by the liver. Bitter orange might change how quickly the liver breaks down these medications. This could change the effects and side effects of these medications.

Akhlaghi, M., Shabanian, G., Rafieian-Kopaei, M., Parvin, N., Saadat, M., and Akhlaghi, M. Citrus aurantium blossom and preoperative anxiety. Rev Bras.Anestesiol. 2011;61(6):702-712. View abstract.

Arbo, M. D., Schmitt, G. C., Limberger, M. F., Charao, M. F., Moro, A. M., Ribeiro, G. L., Dallegrave, E., Garcia, S. C., Leal, M. B., and Limberger, R. P. Subchronic toxicity of Citrus aurantium L. (Rutaceae) extract and p-synephrine in mice. Regul.Toxicol.Pharmacol 2009;54(2):114-117. View abstract.

Bent, S., Padula, A., and Neuhaus, J. Safety and efficacy of citrus aurantium for weight loss. Am.J.Cardiol. 11-15-2004;94(10):1359-1361. View abstract.

Blumenthal, M., Goldberg, A., and Brinckmann, J. Herbal Medicine Expanded Commission E Monographs. 2000;

Calapai, G., Firenzuoli, F., Saitta, A., Squadrito, F. R., Arlotta, M., Costantino, G., and Inferrera, G. Antiobesity and cardiovascular toxic effects of Citrus aurantium extracts in the rat: a preliminary report. Fitoterapia 12-1-1999;70(6):586-592.

Campbell-Tofte, J. I., Molgaard, P., Josefsen, K., Abdallah, Z., Hansen, S. H., Cornett, C., Mu, H., Richter, E. A., Petersen, H. W., Norregaard, J. C., and Winther, K. Randomized and double-blinded pilot clinical study of the safety and anti-diabetic efficacy of the Rauvolfia-Citrus tea, as used in Nigerian traditional medicine. J Ethnopharmacol. 1-27-2011;133(2):402-411. View abstract.

Cherniack, E. P. Potential applications for alternative medicine to treat obesity in an aging population. Altern.Med Rev 2008;13(1):34-42. View abstract.

Colker, C., Kalman, D., and Torina, G. Effects of Citrus aurantium extract, caffeine, and St. John's Wort on body fat loss, lipid levels, and mood states in overweight healthy adults. Curr Ther Res 1999;60:145-153.

Gougeon, R., Harrigan, K., Tremblay, J. F., Hedrei, P., Lamarche, M., and Morais, J. A. Increase in the thermic effect of food in women by adrenergic amines extracted from citrus aurantium. Obes.Res 2005;13(7):1187-1194. View abstract.

Gray, S. and Woolf, A. D. Citrus aurantium used for weight loss by an adolescent with anorexia nervosa. J Adolesc.Health 2005;37(5):414-415. View abstract.

Haller, C. A., Duan, M., Jacob, P., III, and Benowitz, N. Human pharmacology of a performance-enhancing dietary supplement under resting and exercise conditions. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;65(6):833-840. View abstract.

Higgins, J. P., Tuttle, T. D., and Higgins, C. L. Energy beverages: content and safety. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010;85(11):1033-1041. View abstract.

Kaats, G. R., Miller, H., Preuss, H. G., and Stohs, S. J. A 60day double-blind, placebo-controlled safety study involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;55:358-362. View abstract.

Lynch B. Review of the safety of p-synephrine and caffeine. Intertek-Cantox Report, 2013;1-20.

Preuss, H. G., DiFerdinando, D., Bagchi, M., and Bagchi, D. Citrus aurantium as a thermogenic, weight-reduction replacement for ephedra: an overview. J.Med. 2002;33(1-4):247-264. View abstract.

Seifert, J. G., Nelson, A., Devonish, J., Burke, E. R., and Stohs, S. J. Effect of acute administration of an herbal preparation on blood pressure and heart rate in humans. Int J Med Sci 2011;8(3):192-197. View abstract.

Shara M, Stohs SJ. Safety evaluation of Bitter orange extract (p-synephrine) in healthy volunteers. J.Amer.Coll.Nutr. 2011;30:358.

Stohs, S. J., Preuss, H. G., and Shara, M. A review of the human clinical studies involving Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract and its primary protoalkaloid p-synephrine. Int J Med Sci 2012;9(7):527-538. View abstract.

Stohs, S. J., Preuss, H. G., Keith, S. C., Keith, P. L., Miller, H., and Kaats, G. R. Effects of p-synephrine alone and in combination with selected bioflavonoids on resting metabolism, blood pressure, heart rate and self-reported mood changes. Int J Med Sci 2011;8(4):295-301. View abstract.

Thomas, J. E., Munir, J. A., McIntyre, P. Z., and Ferguson, M. A. STEMI in a 24-year-old man after use of a synephrine-containing dietary supplement: a case report and review of the literature. Tex.Heart Inst.J 2009;36(6):586-590. View abstract.

Wason, S., DiGiacinto, J. L., and Davis, M. W. Effects of grapefruit and Seville orange juices on the pharmacokinetic properties of colchicine in healthy subjects. Clin Ther 2012;34(10):2161-2173. View abstract.

Wu, H., Jing, Z., Tang, X., Wang, X., Zhang, S., Yu, Y., Wang, Z., Cao, H., Huang, L., Yu, Y., and Wang, Y. To compare the efficacy of two kinds of Zhizhu pills in the treatment of functional dyspepsia of spleen-deficiency and qi-stagnation syndrome: a randomized group sequential comparative trial. BMC.Gastroenterol 2011;11:81. View abstract.

Xu, L., Jiang, J., and Du, F. Z. [Application of dannang recipe no. 2 in the perioperative stage of laparoscopic cholecystectomy]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi Jie.He.Za Zhi 2008;28(12):1090-1092. View abstract.

Zhou, L., Hao, R., and Jiang, L. [Clinical study on retarding aging effect of tongbu recipe to traditional Chinese medicine]. Zhongguo Zhong.Xi.Yi.Jie.He.Za Zhi. 1999;19(4):218-220. View abstract.

Abdelkawy KS, Donia AM, Turner RB, Elbarbry F. Effects of Lemon and Seville Orange Juices on the Pharmacokinetic Properties of Sildenafil in Healthy Subjects. Drugs R D. 2016 Sep;16(3):271-278. View abstract.

Allison DB, Cutter G, Poehlman ET, et al. Exactly which synephrine alkaloids does Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) contain? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2005;29:443-6. View abstract.

Andrew R, Best SA, Watson DG, et al. Analysis of biogenic amines in plasma of hypertensive patients and a control group. Neurochem Res 1993;18:1179-82. View abstract.

Blumenthal M, Goldberg A, Brinckmann J, eds. Herbal Medicine Expanded Commission E Monographs. Newton, MA: Integrative Medicine Communications, 2000.

Bouchard NC, Howland MA, Greller HA, et al. Ischemic stroke associated with use of an ephedra-free dietary supplement containing synephrine. Mayo Clin Proc 2005;80:541-5. View abstract.

Buckle J. Use of aromatherapy as a complementary treatment for chronic pain. Altern Ther Health Med 1999;5:42-51. View abstract.

Bui LT, Nguyen DT, Ambrose PJ. Blood pressure and heart rate effects following a single dose of bitter orange. Ann Pharmacother 2006;40:53-7. View abstract.

Burke J, Seda G, Allen D, Knee TS. A case of severe exercise-induced rhabdomyolysis associated with a weight loss dietary supplement. Mil Med 2007;172:656-8. View abstract.

Calapai G, Firenzuoli F, Saitta A, et al. Antiobesity and cardiovascular toxic effects of Citrus aurantium extracts in the rat: A preliminary report. Fitoterapia 1999;70:586-92.

Carnat A, Carnat AP, Fraisse D, Lamaison JL. [Standardization of the sour orange flower and leaf]. Ann Pharm Fr 1999;57:410-4. View abstract.

Colker CM, Kalman DS, Torina GC, et al. Effects of Citrus aurantium extract, caffeine, and St. John's wort on body fat loss, lipid levels, and mood states in overweight healthy adults. Curr Ther Res 1999;60:145-153.

D'Andrea G, Terrazzino S, Leon A, et al. Elevated levels of circulating trace amines in primary headaches. Neurology 2004;62:1701-5. View abstract.

Di Marco MP, Edwards DJ, Wainer IW, Ducharme MP. The effect of grapefruit juice and seville orange juice on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan: the role of gut CYP3A and P-glycoprotein. Life Sci 2002;71:1149-60. View abstract.

Dragull K, Breksa AP 3rd, Cain B. Synephrine content of juice from Satsuma mandarins (Citrus unshiu Marcovitch). J Agric Food Chem 2008;56(19):8874-8. View abstract.

Edwards DJ, Fitzsimmons ME, Schuetz EG, et al. 6',7'-Dihydroxybergamottin in grapefruit juice and Seville orange juice: effects on cyclosporine disposition, enterocyte CYP3A4, and P-glycoprotein. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1999;65:237-44. View abstract.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. Title 21. Part 182 -- Substances Generally Recognized As Safe. Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?CFRPart=182

Farshbaf-Khalili A, Kamalifard M, Namadian M. Comparison of the effect of lavender and bitter orange on anxiety in postmenopausal women: A triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2018;31:132-8. View abstract.

Firenzuoli F, Gori L, Galapai C. Adverse reaction to an adrenergic herbal extract (Citrus aurantium). Phytomedicine 2005;12:247-8. View abstract.

Fugh-Berman A, Myers A. Citrus aurantium, an ingredient of dietary supplements marketed for weight loss: Current status of clinical and basic Research. Exp Biol Med 2004;229:698-704. View abstract.

Gange CA, Madias C, Felix-Getzik EM, et al. Variant angina associated with bitter orange in a dietary supplement. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:545-8. View abstract.

Gray SG, Clair AA. Influence of aromatherapy on medication administration to residential-care residents with dementia and behavioral challenges. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2002;17(3):169-74. View abstract.

Greenway F, de Jonge-Levitan L, Martin C, et al. Dietary herbal supplements with phenylephrine for weight loss. J Med Food 2006;9:572-8. View abstract.

Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Ruiz-Moreno C, Del Coso J. Acute p-synephrine ingestion increases whole-body fat oxidation during 1-h of cycling at Fatmax. Eur J Nutr. 2019 Nov 5. View abstract.

Gutiérrez-Hellín J, Salinero JJ, Abían-Vicen J, Areces F, Lara B, Gallo C, et al. Acute consumption of p-synephrine does not enhance performance in sprint athletes.J. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2016;41(1):63-9. doi: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0299.View abstract.

Haller CA, Benowitz NL, Jacob P 3rd. Hemodynamic effects of ephedra-free weight-loss supplements in humans. Am J Med 2005;118:998-1003.. View abstract.

Health Canada. Synephrine, Octopamine and Caffeine Health Risk Assessment (HRA) Report. Approved May 16, 2011. Accessed November 6, 2019. Available at: https://www.nutratechinc.com/advz/Studies2011/Safety/S1%20Health%20Canada%200511.pdf.

Heydari N, Abootalebi M, Jamalimoghadam N, Kasraeian M, Emamghoreishi M, Akbarzadeh M. Investigation of the effect of aromatherapy with Citrus aurantium blossom essential oil on premenstrual syndrome in university students: A clinical trial study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2018;32:1-5. View abstract.

Hu JF. [Inhibitory effects of Phyllanthus emblica juice on formation of N-nitrosomorpholine in vitro and N-nitrosoproline in rat and human]. Chung Hua Yu Fang I Hsueh Tsa Chih 1990;24:132-5. View abstract.

Huang YT, Wang GF, Chen CF, et al. Fructus aurantii reduced portal pressure in portal hypertensive rats. Life Sci 1995;57:2011-20. View abstract.

Ishiwa J, Sato T, Mimaki Y, et al. A citrus flavonoid, nobiletin, suppresses production and gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9/gelatinase B in rabbit synovial fibroblasts. J Rheumatol 2000;27:20-5. View abstract.

Jordan S, Murty M, Pilon K. Products containing bitter orange or synephrine: suspected cardiovascular adverse reactions. Canadian Adverse Reaction Newsletter 2004;14:3-4.

Jung YP, Earnest CP, Koozehchian M, et al. Effects of acute ingestion of a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine on resting energy expenditure, cognitive function and exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;14:3. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0159-2.View abstract.

Jung YP, Earnest CP, Koozehchian M, et al. Effects of ingesting a pre-workout dietary supplement with and without synephrine for 8 weeks on training adaptations in resistance-trained males. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017;3;14:1. doi: 10.1186/s12970-016-0158-3. View abstract.

Karimzadeh Z, Azizzadeh Forouzi M, Tajadini H, Ahmadinejad M, Roy C, Dehghan M. Effects of lavender and Citrus aurantium on pain of conscious intensive care unit patients: a parallel randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Integr Med 2021:S2095-4964(21)00006-6. Online ahead of print. View abstract.

Keogh AM, Baron DW. Sympathomimetic abuse and coronary artery spasm. Br Med J 1985;291:940.

Kim DH, Song MJ, Bae EA, Han MJ. Inhibitory effect of herbal medicines on rotavirus infectivity. Biol Pharm Bull 2000;23:356-8. View abstract.

Kim KW, Kim HD, Jung JS, et al. Characterization of antidepressant-like effects of p-synephrine stereoisomers. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2001;364:21-6. View abstract.

Liu Y, Santillo MF. Cytochrome P450 2D6 and 3A4 enzyme inhibition by amine stimulants in dietary supplements. Drug Test Anal. 2016;8(3-4):307-10. View abstract.

Lopez HL, Ziegenfuss TN, Hofheins JE, et al. Eight weeks of supplementation with a multi-ingredient weight loss product enhances body composition, reduces hip and waist girth, and increases energy levels in overweight men and women. J Int Soc Sports Nut 2013;10(1):22. View abstract.

Malhotra S, Bailey DG, Paine MF, Watkins PB. Seville orange juice-felodipine interaction: comparison with dilute grapefruit juice and involvement of furocoumarins. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2001;69:14-23. View abstract.

Martin KW, Ernst E. Herbal medicines for treatment of fungal infections: a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. Mycoses 2004;47:87-92. View abstract.

McLester CN, Bailey P, Bechke EE, Williamson CM, McLester JR, Kliszczewicz B. The Effects of Caffeine and Citrus Aurantium on Performance During Repeated Maximal Anaerobic Exercise Bouts in Habitual Caffeine Users. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Sep 2. View abstract.

Min B, Cios D, Kluger J, White CM. Absence of QTc-interval-prolonging or hemodynamic effects of a single dose of bitter-orange extract in healthy subjects. Pharmacotherapy 2005;25:1719-24. View abstract.

Moradi K, Ashtarian H, Danzima NY, et al. Essential oil from Citrus aurantium alleviates anxiety of patients undergoing coronary angiography: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. Chin J Integr Med 2021;27(3):177-82. View abstract.

Moslemi F, Alijaniha F, Naseri M, Kazemnejad A, Charkhkar M, Heidari MR. Citrus aurantium Aroma for Anxiety in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. J Altern Complement Med. 2019 Aug;25(8):833-839. View abstract.

Mwaiko GL. Citrus peel oil extracts as mosquito larvae insecticides. East Afr Med J 1992;69:223-6. View abstract.

Naganuma M, Hirose S, Nakayama Y, et al. A study of the phototoxicity of lemon oil. Arch Dermatol Res 1985;278:31-6. . View abstract.

Nasir JM, Durning SJ, Ferguson M, et al. Exercise-induced syncope associated with QT prolongation and ephedra-free Xenadrine. Mayo Clin Proc 2004;79:1059-62.. View abstract.

National Collegiate Athletic Association. NCAA Banned-Drug Classes 2005-2006. Available at: https://www1.ncaa.org/membership/ed_outreach/health-safety/drug_testing/banned_drug_classes.pdf.

Nykamp DL, Fackih MN, Compton AL. Possible association of acute lateral-wall myocardial infarction and bitter orange supplement. Ann Pharmacother 2004;38:812-6. View abstract.

Pawar RS, Sagi S, Leontyev D. Analysis of bitter orange dietary supplements for natural and synthetic phenethylamines by LC-MS/MS. Drug Test Anal 2020;12(9):1241-51. View abstract.

Pellati F, Benvenuti S, Melegari M, Firenzuoli F. Determination of adrenergic agonists from extracts and herbal products of Citrus aurantium L. var. amara by LC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2002;29:1113-9. . View abstract.

Penzak SR, Acosta EP, Turner M, et al. Effect of Seville orange juice and grapefruit juice on indinavir pharmacokinetics. J Clin Pharmacol 2002;42:1165-70. View abstract.

Penzak SR, Jann MW, Cold JA, et al. Seville (sour) orange juice: synephrine content and cardiovascular effects in normotensive adults. J Clin Pharmacol 2001;41:1059-63. View abstract.

Ramadan W, Mourad B, Ibrahim S, Sonbol F. Oil of bitter orange: new topical antifungal agent. Int J Dermatol 1996;35:448-9. View abstract.

Ratamess NA, Bush JA, Kang J, et al. The effects of supplementation with P-Synephrine alone and in combination with caffeine on resistance exercise performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015;12:35.View abstract.

Ratamess NA, Bush JA, Stohs SJ, et al. Acute cardiovascular effects of bitter orange extract (p-synephrine) consumed alone and in combination with caffeine in human subjects: A placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Phytother Res. 2018;32(1):94-102. View abstract.

Sale C, Harris RC, Delves S, Corbett J. Metabolic and physiologic effects of ingesting extracts of bitter orange, green tea and guarana at rest and during treadmill walking in overweight males. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006;30(5):764-73. View abstract.

Satoh Y, Tashiro S, Satoh M, et al. [Studies on the bioactive constituents of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus]. Yakugaku Zasshi 1996;116:244-50. View abstract.

Shara M, Stohs SJ, Mukattash TL. Cardiovascular safety of oral p-synephrine (bitter orange) in healthy subjects: a randomized placebo-controlled cross-over clinical trial. Phytother Res. 2016;30(5):842-7. View abstract.

Shara M, Stohs SJ, Smadi MM. Safety evaluation of p-synephrine following 15 days of oral administration to healthy subjects: A clinical study. Phytother Res. 2018;32(1):125-131. View abstract.

Smith TB, Staub BA, Natarajan GM, et al. Acute myocardial infarction associated with dietary supplements containing 1,3-dimethylamylamine and Citrus aurantium. Tex Heart Inst J 2014;41(1):70-2. View abstract.

Song DK, Suh HW, Jung JS, et al. Antidepressant-like effects of p-synephrine in mouse models of immobility tests. Neurosci Lett 1996;214:107-10. View abstract.

Sultan S, Spector J, Mitchell RM. Ischemic colitis associated with use of a bitter orange-containing dietary weight-loss supplement. Mayo Clin Proc 2006;81:1630-1.. View abstract.

Suzuki O, Matsumoto T, Oya M, Katsumata Y. Oxidation of synephrine by type A and type B monoamine oxidase. Experientia 1979;35:1283-4. View abstract.

The Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (Bundesinstitut fur Risikobewertung - Germany). Health assessment of sports and weight loss products containing synephrine and caffeine. 2012. BfR Opinion No. 004/2012.

Uckoo RM, Jayaprakasha GK, Nelson SD, Patil BS. Rapid simultaneous determination of amines and organic acids in citrus using high-performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2011;83(3):948-54. View abstract.

Vatsavai LK, Kilari EK. Interaction of p-synephrine on the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics of gliclazide in animal models. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2017; S0975-9476(16)30487-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jaim.2017.04.010.View abstract.

Vierck JL, Icenoggle DL, Bucci L, Dodson MV. The effects of ergogenic compounds on myogenic satellite cells. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:769-76. View abstract.

Visentin V, Morin N, Fontana E, et al. Dual action of octopamine on glucose transport into adipocytes: inhibition via beta3-adrenoceptor activation and stimulation via oxidation by amine oxidases. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001;299:96-104. View abstract.

Vitetta L, Thomsen M, Sali A. Black cohosh and other herbal remedies associated with acute hepatitis. Med J Aust 2003;178:411-2.. View abstract.

Zhang L, Xu X, Jiang T, et al. Citrus aurantium Naringenin Prevents Osteosarcoma Progression and Recurrence in the Patients Who Underwent Osteosarcoma Surgery by Improving Antioxidant Capability. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:8713263. View abstract.

Zhao XW, Li JX, Zhu ZR, et al. Anti-shock effects of synthetic effective compositions of fructus aurantii immaturus. Experimental study and clinical observation. Chin Med J (Engl) 1989;102:91-3. View abstract.

Select a condition to view a list of vitamins

CONDITIONS OF USE AND IMPORTANT INFORMATION: This information is meant to supplement, not replace advice from your doctor or healthcare provider and is not meant to cover all possible uses, precautions, interactions or adverse effects. This information may not fit your specific health circumstances. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you.

This copyrighted material is provided by Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Consumer Version. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. For professional medical information on natural medicines, see Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database Professional Version. © Therapeutic Research Faculty 2020.

Do you know your vitamin ABCs?

Ease hot flashes and other symptoms.

© 2005 - 2022 WebMD LLC. All rights reserved.

WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment.